DEFINITION:

Evaporation = heating a solid or liquid source so that the atoms evaporate or sublime and are transferred to a substrate, where they condense (studied by Faraday in 1857).

In the animation below, it is shown how atoms evaporate from the source, when the heater reaches a high temperature (orange colour)

Characteristics of evaporation:

• low pressure - required for a transport without collisions from the source to the substrate
• inexpensive - requires only a heating element and a source, thus much less expensive than a plasma, for example