:: IPCI ::

Analogy with electrical elements - generalization of Kirchhoff's Laws (unique relationship between efforts, flows, and element characteristics)

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)

Oriented sum of all across variables, a_i, around any closed loop is zero

Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)

Sum of all through variables, b_i, entering a node is zero

Lumped elements classification

According to the number of terminals used to join them to a circuit

A pair of terminals that carry the same through variable is called a port

One-port elements

Derivator or generalized inductor, L
Across variable is proportional to the derivative of the through variable:

Integrator or generalized capacitor, C
Across variable is proportional to the integral of the through variable:

Generalized resistor, R
Linear relation between the across variable and the through variable:

Symbols used for the three basic one-port elements in a circuit representation are shown in the following figure:

Independent source elements

Source of the across variable
Source of the through variable

Symbols used for the two basic source elements in a circuit representation are shown in the following figure: