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Analogue signals and systems tutorial

Modules

1. Signals
2. Systems

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Signal types:

  • Deterministic
    Can be described analytically and can be repeated

Periodic
    
In the simplest form are sinusoidal, that is, consisting of a single sine wave (pure tone).
     Complex periodic signals (also known as complex tones) are composed of multiple sinusoidal components.
     All these frequencies are multiples of some fundamental frequency

Pseudo-random signal

  • Particular type of periodic signal
  • Sometimes used to simulate random signals
  • Periodic time is very long
  • Can be reproduced exactly - benefit in testing

Non-periodic

Quasi-periodic
    
Frequencies of the various sinusoids are not harmonically related.

Transient
     
Occur only once or very infrequently. Their starts and terminate at a value equal to 0.

      Examples
         
Slamming a door
          Shock wave generated from an impact test

  • Random

Stationary
    
Average properties do not vary with time - independent of the particular sample record

     Examples
         
Thermal noise at constant temperature

Non-stationary
    
Statistical properties change significantly over the observation window

     Examples
         
Jet engine noise
          Machine tool vibrations
          Earthquake motions
          Speech

1. Signals
2. Systems

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